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STRATA.
AskExploreModelControl
Explore
Federated from primary sources. Every fact carries its provenance.
USGS·MSHA·EPA FRS·Wikidata·CEPII BACI·IEA CMO·NREL·BGS·GCAM·HECTOR·PROMMIS
Strata is a product ofBrightQueryBrightQuery
© 2026 BrightQuery, Inc. All rights reserved.
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STRATA.
AskExploreModelControl
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Commoditylead
Critical · 1 lists

Lead · Pb

base_metal · primary

USGS_2025

Supply · in the ground

Top reserves · 2025

global total: 87,300 thousand metric tonsHHI 0.24 · Moderate

Supply · named deposits

Deposits

Highly concentrated7 estimates · 5 deposits

39,852 distinct deposits across the roster

Geographic spread

Supply · geochemical abundance

Geochemistry

6 summaries · 5 media
Element · mediumDetection · share of samplesConcentration · median to max
Pb coal
7,604 samples
94%
6.54 ppm · max 1,910 ppm
Pb soil
93,640 samples
92%
20 ppm · max 410,000 ppm
Pb sediment
298,515 samples

Supply · recycling

Secondary supply - scrap flow

United States · 2025 · USGS MCS

$2.5B of scrap consumed

domestic95%imported0%exported4%

Eurostat WEEE and battery end-of-life flows (Phase 6.1.1) are recorded at country level without commodity decomposition. Querying country profiles for EU member states will surface those flows; the commodity profile cannot decompose them today.

Supply · out of the ground

Top producers · 2024

7,153 records

Supply

Global production over time

2015 → 2024latest15,230,834tonnes (metric)+40% · 10y
2015: 10,851,079 tonnes (metric)2016: 11,300,090 tonnes (metric)2017: 11,732,491 tonnes (metric)2018: 12,081,977 tonnes (metric)2019: 12,492,819 tonnes (metric)2020: 13,600,507 tonnes (metric)2021: 14,830,503 tonnes (metric)2022: 15,010,160 tonnes (metric)2023: 15,007,402 tonnes (metric)2024: 15,230,834 tonnes (metric)
201520162017

Provenance

Where this data comes from

  • BGS World Mineral Statistics
  • Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
  • USGS DS-140 (constant 1998 USD)
  • USGS DS-140 (nominal)
  • USGS MCS (Price, average, North American)
  • USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
  • USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
Federated from primary sources. Every fact carries its provenance.
USGS·MSHA·EPA FRS·Wikidata·CEPII BACI·IEA CMO·NREL·BGS·GCAM·HECTOR·PROMMIS
Strata is a product ofBrightQueryBrightQuery
© 2026 BrightQuery, Inc. All rights reserved.
lessmore
  1. 1🇦🇺Australia
    39.0%34,000 thousand metric tons
  2. 2🇨🇳China
    25.2%22,000 thousand metric tons
  3. 3🇷🇺Russia
    10.2%8,900 thousand metric tons
  4. 4🇲🇽Mexico
    6.4%5,600 thousand metric tons
  5. 5🇵🇪Peru
    5.7%5,000 thousand metric tons
  6. 6🇺🇸United States
    5.3%4,600 thousand metric tons
  7. 7🇮🇷Iran
    2.3%2,000 thousand metric tons
  8. 8🇮🇳India
    2.2%1,900 thousand metric tons
  9. 9🇸🇪Sweden
    1.9%1,700 thousand metric tons
  10. 10🇧🇴Bolivia
    1.8%1,600 thousand metric tons

10 countries shown · USGS-defined economic reserves

lessmore

United States 34,189 · Peru 1,418 · Mexico 1,084 · Argentina 475 · Bolivia 404

Named producers

  • Wenhsi Cu/Pb/Zn Deposit · China · Shanxi [Shansi]
  • Changba Pb/Zn Mine · China · Nei Mongol* (Inner Mongolia)
  • Changpo Pb/Zn/Sn Mine · China · Guangxi* [Kwangsi]
  • Chipu Pb/Zn Mine · China · Sichuan [Szechwan]
  • Diaoshigou · China · Gansu [Kansu]

Resource & reserve estimates

Bingham, Bingham porphyry Cu depositUnclassified2,492,000 metric tons
HigdonIndicated199,000 metric tons
MadisonProbable47,600 metric tons
Bingham, Bingham polymetallic Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au veinsIdentified42,000 metric tons
MadisonProven31,000 metric tons

USGS USMIN · deposit-level contained-metal estimates

91%
20 ppm · max 150,000 ppm
Pb concentrate
134,384 samples
73%
70 ppm · max 250,000 ppm
Pb rock
314,460 samples
69%
20 ppm · max 550,000 ppm

USGS National Geochemical Database · sorted by detection · detected-sample concentration

lessmore
1🇨🇳China
7,637,000 t62%
2🇮🇳India
1,100,000 t9%
3🇺🇸USA
1,020,000 t8%
4🇰🇷Korea (Rep. of)
835,000 t7%
5🇲🇽Mexico
434,900 t4%
6🇩🇪Germany
300,012 t2%
7🇧🇷Brazil
286,008 t2%
8🇬🇧United Kingdom
276,000 t2%
9🇪🇸Spain
217,000 t2%
10🇦🇺Australia
200,000 t2%
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
USGS Mineral Industry Surveys
  • USGS Minerals Yearbook OFR 2025-1047
  • USGS Minerals Yearbook Vol III, reference year 2019
  • World Bank Pink Sheet
  • 11 sources · click to verify

    Live

    Ir100%Canada · top shareRh100%Canada · top shareRu100%Canada · top shareGa98%China · top shareGe94%China · top shareNb92%Brazil · top shareSi82%China · top shareW79%China · top shareCo77%Congo, Democratic Republic · top share75%China · top shareTe75%China · top share75%China · top shareIn74%China · top sharePt73%South Africa · top shareCu70%China · top share66%China · top shareV64%China · top shareLi64%Australia · top shareAl66%China · top shareNi65%Indonesia · top sharePb62%China · top shareAs50%Peru · top shareMg58%China · top shareBe55%USA · top shareCr55%South Africa · top shareBi54%China · top sharePd44%Russia · top shareTa46%Congo (Kinshasa) · top share49%China · top shareSb43%China · top shareRe44%Chile · top shareB44%Turkey · top shareU38%Kazakhstan · top shareZr36%Australia · top shareMn39%South Africa · top shareZn39%China · top shareTi28%Mozambique · top shareAg34%Mexico · top share29%Canada · top share26%China · top shareSn26%China · top share🇨🇱 CLCutax2024🇨🇩 CDCusurtax2022🇨🇱 CLListrategic resource2023🇨🇳 CNLiexport license2024🇿🇼 ZWLiraw ore ban2022🇮🇩 IDNiraw ore ban2020🇵🇭 PHNiroyalty2024🇷🇺 RUNiimport ban2024🇨🇳 CN→🇻🇳 VNREE+4700%re export surge🇮🇩 IDNi-97%export ban effectLi+38%concentration shift🇨🇳 CNREE-25%concentration shift

    Concentration

    HHI

    0.41

    Concentrated

    Top-1
    62%
    Top-3
    79%
    Top-5
    90%
    NIR
    33%

    Active alerts · 1

    • 62%

      China · top share

    Critical lists · 1

    • USGS_2025

    Sources · 11

    • BGS World Mineral Statistics
    • Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
    • USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
    • USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
    • USGS Mineral Industry Surveys
    • + 6 more in the Provenance section

    Concentration

    HHI

    0.41

    Concentrated

    Top-1
    62%
    Top-3
    79%
    Top-5
    90%
    NIR
    33%

    Active alerts · 1

    • 62%

      China · top share

    Critical lists · 1

    • USGS_2025

    Sources · 11

    • BGS World Mineral Statistics
    • Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
    • USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
    • USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
    • USGS Mineral Industry Surveys
    • + 6 more in the Provenance section