gallium
Critical · 3 lists

Gallium · Ga

specialty_metal · byproduct

DOE_2023
USGS_2022
USGS_2025

Gallium sits on 3 federal critical-minerals lists; mine supply is highly concentrated (HHI 0.97, 2024), led by 🇨🇳 China at 98% of output. The US is 100% net import-reliant (2025). Prices rose 32% over the past year (+20%/yr over 4y).

Headline indicators

580dollars per kilogram

USGS MCS (Average unit value of imports)

+32% 1Y

+20%/yr · 4Y CAGR

100%

0.97

Highly concentrated · 2024

lifecycle flow

  1. 01Reserves

    -

  2. 02Production

    769t

    China top · 2024

  3. 03Trade

    135,000kilograms

    net importer · 2025

  4. 04Stocks

    3,400kilograms

    year-end · 2025

  5. 05Consumption

    19,000kilograms

    Consumption, reported · 2025

Data coverage notes

  • group-levelGallium: USGS publishes no reserves estimate - USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 carries no quantitative reserves figure for gallium - neither a U.S. nor a world total. USGS does not separately estimate reserves for this minor metal. The empty reserves table reflects the source's reporting grain, not missing strata coverage.
  • no dataNo commodity-decomposed recycling data - No USGS MCS Fig13 scrap rows. EU WEEE / battery EOL flows (Phase 6.1.1) are country-keyed only - see country profiles.
  • datedMaterial-flow analysis is historical - All 16 material-flow records date to 2008 or earlier (Yale STAF era). They describe the anthropogenic cycle of that period, not today's system.
  • datedEnvironmental footprint is dated - Cradle-to-gate intensity rows carry a 2008 inventory vintage (Nuss & Eckelman-era LCA). Current-process footprints are not yet in scope.
  • datedExport-restriction inventory ends 2020 - The OECD industrial-raw-materials inventory (vendored snapshot) reports HS-line measures only through 2020; restrictions enacted since are not reflected in the measure table.
  • narrowConsumption geography is single-economy (United States) - Reported consumption covers one economy only - the world usage split must be read from trade flows, not from a consumption table.

How strata reads a commodity

The eight-stage lens, the observed-vs-estimated membrane, stage-honest supply, per-stage concentration, ownership resolution and the demand lens - the full method is illustrated live on copper, nickel and lithium.

Read the methodology, illustrated live →

Where this data comes from

16 sources · titles open the source card · url opens the publisher