Magnesium · Mg
specialty_metal · primary
Bottom line
Magnesium sits on 3 federal critical-minerals lists; mine supply is concentrated (HHI 0.41, 2025), led by 🇨🇳 China at 62% of output. The US is 59% net import-reliant (2025). Prices fell 9% over the past year (-2%/yr over 4y).
At a glance
Headline indicators
Price · 2025
2,500dollars per metric ton
USGS MCS (European free market, dollars )
Price trend
-9% 1Y
-2%/yr · 4Y CAGR
US net import reliance · 2025
59%
Mine production HHI
0.41
Concentrated · 2025
From ore to use
lifecycle flow
- 01Reserves
7.8Bt
Russia leads · 29% share
- 02Production
1.1Mt
China top · 2025
- 03Trade
659.0Kt
net importer · 2025
- 04Stocks
0t
year-end · 2025
- 05Consumption
40.0Kt
Consumption: Reported, primary · 2025
Coverage
Data coverage notes
- datedMaterial-flow analysis is historical - All 5 material-flow records date to 2000 or earlier (Yale STAF era). They describe the anthropogenic cycle of that period, not today's system.
- datedExport-restriction inventory ends 2020 - The OECD industrial-raw-materials inventory (vendored snapshot) reports HS-line measures only through 2020; restrictions enacted since are not reflected in the measure table.
- narrowConsumption geography is single-economy (United States) - Reported consumption covers one economy only - the world usage split must be read from trade flows, not from a consumption table.
Methodology
How strata reads a commodity
The eight-stage lens, the observed-vs-estimated membrane, stage-honest supply, per-stage concentration, ownership resolution and the demand lens - the full method is illustrated live on copper, nickel and lithium.
Provenance
Where this data comes from
- BGS World Mineral Statistics
midstream_components_seed
ni43101_deposits
ownership_control_seed
- USGS MCS (European free market, dollars )
- USGS MCS (U.S. spot)
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
- USGS Minerals Yearbook OFR 2025-1047
- USGS Minerals Yearbook Vol III, reference year 2019
- usgs myb1 magnesium 2019
- usgs myb1 magnesium metal 2022
usgs_critmin_deposits_v2
usgs_mine_waste
usgs_mrds_2016
usgs_world_phosphate
usmin_critical_deposits
18 sources · titles open the source card · url opens the publisher