Rare earths

Primary REE recovery from coal byproducts: leaching → solvent extraction (rougher + cleaner) → precipitation → roasting. Reports per-metal recoveries + overall product purity at the canonical UKy reference flowsheet.

commodity: rare_earths · suggested axis: leach_liquid_feed_rate_l_per_hr · y: overall_ree_recovery_pct

End-of-life route: H2-atmosphere embrittlement of NdFeB permanent magnets recovered from HDDs - the physical pre-treatment that makes the magnet matrix millable before separation.

commodity: rare_earths · suggested axis: operating_temperature_k · y: nd_mass_frac_product_pct

End-of-life route: the CMI hydrometallurgical process - copper-nitrate dissolution → pH adjustment → oxalate precipitation → calcination to Nd-oxide. A wet alternative to hydrogen decrepitation for NdFeB recycling.

commodity: rare_earths · suggested axis: nd_magnet_conversion · y: nd_recovery_pct