Graphite
industrial_mineral · primary
Bottom line
Graphite sits on 3 federal critical-minerals lists; mine supply is highly concentrated (HHI 0.64, 2025), led by 🇨🇳 China at 80% of output. The US is 100% net import-reliant (2025). Prices fell 5% over the past year (-7%/yr over 4y).
At a glance
Headline indicators
Price · 2025
1,000dollars per metric ton
USGS MCS (Average unit value of imports)
Price trend
-5% 1Y
-7%/yr · 4Y CAGR
US net import reliance · 2025
100%
Mine production HHI
0.64
Highly concentrated · 2025
From ore to use
lifecycle flow
- 01Reserves
310.0Mt
China leads · 32% share
- 02Production
1.8Mt
China top · 2025
- 03Trade
70.6Kt
net importer · 2025
- 04Stocks
-
- 05Consumption
71.0Kt
Consumption, apparent · 2025
Coverage
Data coverage notes
- no dataNo commodity-decomposed recycling data - No USGS MCS Fig13 scrap rows. EU WEEE / battery EOL flows (Phase 6.1.1) are country-keyed only - see country profiles.
- datedExport-restriction inventory ends 2020 - The OECD industrial-raw-materials inventory (vendored snapshot) reports HS-line measures only through 2020; restrictions enacted since are not reflected in the measure table.
- narrowConsumption geography is single-economy (United States) - Reported consumption covers one economy only - the world usage split must be read from trade flows, not from a consumption table.
Methodology
How strata reads a commodity
The eight-stage lens, the observed-vs-estimated membrane, stage-honest supply, per-stage concentration, ownership resolution and the demand lens - the full method is illustrated live on copper, nickel and lithium.
Provenance
Where this data comes from
- BGS World Mineral Statistics
graftech 10k 2024
- iea cmo 2024
- IEA Critical Minerals Dataset (CMO 2025)
midstream_components_seed
ni43101_deposits
ownership_control_seed
- Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
- USGS DS-140 (constant 1998 USD)
- USGS DS-140 (nominal)
- USGS MCS (Average unit value of imports)
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
- USGS Minerals Yearbook OFR 2025-1047
- USGS Minerals Yearbook Vol III, reference year 2019
- usgs myb1 graphite 2021
- usgs myb1 graphite 2022
usgs_critmin_deposits_v2
usgs_mrds_2016
usgs_pp1802_global
usmin_critical_deposits
23 sources · titles open the source card · url opens the publisher