Palladium · Pd
PGM · byproduct
Bottom line
Palladium sits on 2 federal critical-minerals lists; mine supply is concentrated (HHI 0.34, 2025), led by 🇷🇺 Russia at 44% of output. The US is 57% net import-reliant (2025). Prices rose 11% over the past year (-18%/yr over 4y).
At a glance
Headline indicators
Price · 2025e
1,100dollars per troy ounce
USGS MCS (Palladium) · source marks this value estimated
Price trend
+11% 1Y
-18%/yr · 4Y CAGR
US net import reliance · 2025
57%
Mine production HHI
0.34
Concentrated · 2025
From ore to use
lifecycle flow
- 01Reserves
-
Reported at PGM group level
- 02Production
194,100kilograms
Russia top · 2025
- 03Trade
74,000kilograms
net importer · 2025
- 04Stocks
-
- 05Consumption
255,888.3kilograms
World · 2025
Coverage
Data coverage notes
- group-levelPalladium: reserves reported only at the PGM group level - USGS MCS publishes reserves for the platinum-group metals as a single aggregate (world total >76,000,000 kg PGM in 2025; South Africa 63,000,000 kg), with no per-metal split. The empty reserves table reflects the source's reporting grain, not missing coverage.
- no dataNo commodity-decomposed scrap or end-of-life flows - No USGS MCS Fig13 scrap rows. EU WEEE / battery EOL flows (Phase 6.1.1) are country-keyed only - see country profiles.
- datedMaterial-flow analysis is historical - All 59 material-flow records date to 2010 or earlier (Yale STAF era). They describe the anthropogenic cycle of that period, not today's system.
- datedEnvironmental footprint is dated - Cradle-to-gate intensity rows carry a 2008 inventory vintage (Nuss & Eckelman-era LCA). Current-process footprints are not yet in scope.
- datedExport-restriction inventory ends 2020 - The OECD industrial-raw-materials inventory (vendored snapshot) reports HS-line measures only through 2020; restrictions enacted since are not reflected in the measure table.
- narrowConsumption geography is single-economy (United States) - Reported consumption covers one economy only - the world usage split must be read from trade flows, not from a consumption table.
Methodology
How strata reads a commodity
The eight-stage lens, the observed-vs-estimated membrane, stage-honest supply, per-stage concentration, ownership resolution and the demand lens - the full method is illustrated live on copper, nickel and lithium.
Provenance
Where this data comes from
midstream_components_seed
ni43101_deposits
ownership_control_seed
- Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
- USGS MCS (Palladium)
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
- USGS Mineral Industry Surveys
- usgs myb1 platinum group 2021
usgs_critmin_deposits_v3
usgs_deposit_gt
usgs_mine_waste
usgs_mrds_2016
usmin_critical_deposits
14 sources · titles open the source card · url opens the publisher