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STRATA.
AskExploreModelControl
Explore
Federated from primary sources. Every fact carries its provenance.
USGS·MSHA·EPA FRS·Wikidata·CEPII BACI·IEA CMO·NREL·BGS·GCAM·HECTOR·PROMMIS
Strata is a product ofBrightQueryBrightQuery
© 2026 BrightQuery, Inc. All rights reserved.
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STRATA.
AskExploreModelControl
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Commodityrare_earths
Critical · 1 lists

Rare earths

REE · primary

USGS_2025

Supply · in the ground

Top reserves · 2025

global total: 90,650,000 metric tonsHHI 0.30 · Concentrated

Supply · named deposits

Deposits

Highly concentrated7 estimates · 3 deposits

1,749 distinct deposits across the roster · 1,752 occurrences

Geographic spread

Supply · out of the ground

Top producers · 2024

915 records

Supply

Global production over time

2015 → 2024latest361,103tonnes (metric)+132% · 10y
2015: 155,622 tonnes (metric)2016: 163,900 tonnes (metric)2017: 181,653 tonnes (metric)2018: 253,777 tonnes (metric)2019: 257,879 tonnes (metric)2020: 263,000 tonnes (metric)2021: 265,342 tonnes (metric)2022: 284,000 tonnes (metric)2023: 377,645 tonnes (metric)2024: 361,103 tonnes (metric)
2015201620172018

Provenance

Where this data comes from

  • BGS World Mineral Statistics
  • IEA Critical Minerals Dataset (CMO 2025)
  • USGS DS-140 (constant 1998 USD)
  • USGS DS-140 (nominal)
  • USGS MCS (Mischmetal, 65% cerium, 35% la)
  • USGS MCS (Neodymium-praseodymium (NdPr) )
  • USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
Federated from primary sources. Every fact carries its provenance.
USGS·MSHA·EPA FRS·Wikidata·CEPII BACI·IEA CMO·NREL·BGS·GCAM·HECTOR·PROMMIS
Strata is a product ofBrightQueryBrightQuery
© 2026 BrightQuery, Inc. All rights reserved.
lessmore
  1. 1🇨🇳China
    48.5%44,000,000 metric tons
  2. 2🇧🇷Brazil
    23.2%21,000,000 metric tons
  3. 3🇮🇳India
    7.6%6,900,000 metric tons
  4. 4🇦🇺Australia
    7.0%6,300,000 metric tons
  5. 5🇷🇺Russia
    4.2%3,800,000 metric tons
  6. 6🇻🇳Vietnam
    3.9%3,500,000 metric tons
  7. 7🇺🇸United States
    2.1%1,900,000 metric tons
  8. 8 Greenland
    1.6%1,500,000 metric tons
  9. 9 Tanzania
    1.0%890,000 metric tons
  10. 10🇿🇦South Africa
    0.9%860,000 metric tons

10 countries shown · USGS-defined economic reserves

lessmore

United States 1,495 · Australia 66 · Brazil 38 · Canada 23 · China 23

Named producers

  • Bayan Obo Mine · China · Nei Mongol* (Inner Mongolia)
  • Wuzhuang Titanium Mine · China · Hainan
  • Sai-Lao District · China · Guangdong [Kwangtung]PLACER, MARINE
  • Wuzhaung Deposit · China · Guangdong [Kwangtung]PLACER, MARINE
  • Zhanjiang District · China · Guangdong [Kwangtung]PLACER, MARINE, PLACER, CONTINENTAL

Resource & reserve estimates

Round Top, Round Top depositInferred144,000 metric tons
Round Top, Round Top depositMeasured plus Indicated77,900 metric tons
Bokan Mountain, CheriIndicated5,710 metric tons
Pajarito Mountain, Pajarito Mountain DepositUnclassified3,470 metric tons
Bokan Mountain, I, L, and MInferred332 metric tons

USGS USMIN · deposit-level contained-metal estimates

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1🇨🇳China
270,000 t75%
2🇲🇲Myanmar
44,400 t12%
3🇺🇸USA
27,000 t7%
4🇦🇺Australia
10,908 t3%
5🇮🇳India
4,200 t1%
6🇲🇬Madagascar
2,000 t1%
7🇷🇺Russia
1,771 t0%
8🇲🇾MalaysiaMonazite
348 t0%
9🇻🇳Vietnam
300 t0%
10🇲🇾Malaysiarare earth oxides
135 t0%
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
  • USGS Minerals Yearbook OFR 2025-1047
  • USGS Minerals Yearbook Vol III, reference year 2019
  • 10 sources · click to verify

    Live

    Ir100%Canada · top shareRh100%Canada · top shareRu100%Canada · top shareGa98%China · top shareGe94%China · top shareNb92%Brazil · top shareSi82%China · top shareW79%China · top shareCo77%Congo, Democratic Republic · top share75%China · top shareTe75%China · top share75%China · top shareIn74%China · top sharePt73%South Africa · top shareCu70%China · top share66%China · top shareV64%China · top shareLi64%Australia · top shareAl66%China · top shareNi65%Indonesia · top sharePb62%China · top shareAs50%Peru · top shareMg58%China · top shareBe55%USA · top shareCr55%South Africa · top shareBi54%China · top sharePd44%Russia · top shareTa46%Congo (Kinshasa) · top share49%China · top shareSb43%China · top shareRe44%Chile · top shareB44%Turkey · top shareU38%Kazakhstan · top shareZr36%Australia · top shareMn39%South Africa · top shareZn39%China · top shareTi28%Mozambique · top shareAg34%Mexico · top share29%Canada · top share26%China · top shareSn26%China · top share🇨🇱 CLCutax2024🇨🇩 CDCusurtax2022🇨🇱 CLListrategic resource2023🇨🇳 CNLiexport license2024🇿🇼 ZWLiraw ore ban2022🇮🇩 IDNiraw ore ban2020🇵🇭 PHNiroyalty2024🇷🇺 RUNiimport ban2024🇨🇳 CN→🇻🇳 VNREE+4700%re export surge🇮🇩 IDNi-97%export ban effectLi+38%concentration shift🇨🇳 CNREE-25%concentration shift

    Concentration

    HHI

    0.58

    Highly concentrated

    Top-1
    75%
    Top-3
    95%
    Top-5
    99%
    NIR
    67%

    Active alerts · 3

    • 75%

      China · top share

    • 🇨🇳 CN→🇻🇳 VN+4700%

      re export surge

    • 🇨🇳 CN-25%

      concentration shift

    Critical lists · 1

    • USGS_2025

    Sources · 10

    • BGS World Mineral Statistics
    • IEA Critical Minerals Dataset (CMO 2025)
    • USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
    • USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
    • USGS Minerals Yearbook OFR 2025-1047
    • + 5 more in the Provenance section

    Concentration

    HHI

    0.58

    Highly concentrated

    Top-1
    75%
    Top-3
    95%
    Top-5
    99%
    NIR
    67%

    Active alerts · 3

    • 75%

      China · top share

    • 🇨🇳 CN→🇻🇳 VN+4700%

      re export surge

    • 🇨🇳 CN-25%

      concentration shift

    Critical lists · 1

    • USGS_2025

    Sources · 10

    • BGS World Mineral Statistics
    • IEA Critical Minerals Dataset (CMO 2025)
    • USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
    • USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
    • USGS Minerals Yearbook OFR 2025-1047
    • + 5 more in the Provenance section