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Federated from primary sources. Every fact carries its provenance.

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Commoditycopper

Critical · 2 lists

Copper · Cu

base_metal · primary

Refined copper (cathode + secondary). Base metal critical-list addition reflects Tier-1 mineral demand for electrification and grid build-out.

DOE_2023

USGS_2025

Supply · in the ground

Top reserves · 2025

global total: 720,000 thousand metric tonsHHI 0.14 · Diversified

Provenance

Where this data comes from

BGS World Mineral Statistics
IEA Critical Minerals Dataset (CMO 2025)
MCS COMEX
MCS LME
NREL Renewable Energy Materials Properties Database v1.1
oecd_trains
Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
USGS DS-140 (constant 1998 USD)

Federated from primary sources. Every fact carries its provenance.

USGS·MSHA·EPA FRS·Wikidata·CEPII BACI·IEA CMO·NREL·BGS·GCAM·HECTOR·PROMMIS

Strata is a product of

© 2026 BrightQuery, Inc. All rights reserved.

lessmore

1Chile
25.0%180,000 thousand metric tons
2Australia
13.9%100,000 thousand metric tons
3Peru
11.8%85,000 thousand metric tons
4Congo (Kinshasa)
11.1%80,000 thousand metric tons
5Russia
11.1%80,000 thousand metric tons
6Mexico
7.4%53,000 thousand metric tons
7United States
6.5%47,000 thousand metric tons
8China
5.7%41,000 thousand metric tons
9Poland
4.6%33,000 thousand metric tons
10Indonesia
2.9%21,000 thousand metric tons

10 countries shown · USGS-defined economic reserves

Supply · named deposits

Deposits

Highly concentrated108 estimates · 47 deposits

47,969 distinct deposits across the roster · 47,975 occurrences

Geographic spread

lessmore

United States 37,954 · Chile 3,031 · Peru 1,421 · Mexico 908 · Canada 642

Named producers

Kambove / Kamfundwa · Congo (Kinshasa) · Katanga
Kipushi · Congo (Kinshasa) · KatangaKipushi Cu-Pb-Zn
Kambove West · Congo (Kinshasa) · KatangaSediment-hosted Cu
Mutoshi · Congo (Kinshasa) · KatangaSediment-hosted Cu
Kakanda · Congo (Kinshasa) · KatangaSediment-hosted Cu, reduced-facies (modified)

Resource & reserve estimates

Butte, Butte depositProven plus Probable12,000,000 metric tons

MaturiMeasured plus Indicated6,000,000 metric tons

Bingham, Bingham porphyry Cu depositProved plus Probable2,117,000 metric tons

Chino, Santa Rita depositMeasured plus Indicated plus Inferred1,900,000 metric tons

CuMo, CuMo depositMeasured plus Indicated1,729,500 metric tons

Supply · geochemical abundance

Geochemistry

6 summaries · 5 media

Element · mediumDetection · share of samplesConcentration · median to max

Cu coal

7,580 samples

100%

13.6 ppm · max 1,670 ppm

Cu soil

93,228 samples

98%

22 ppm · max 200,000 ppm

Cu sediment

298,469 samples

97%

20 ppm · max 150,000 ppm

Cu rock

330,638 samples

87%

30 ppm · max 520,000 ppm

Cu concentrate

134,336 samples

75%

30 ppm · max 100,000.11 ppm

USGS National Geochemical Database · sorted by detection · detected-sample concentration

Supply · held inventory

Stocks (year-end)

2021–2025 · USGS MCSstockpiling · +266%

Latest · 2025

450.0Kt

265.9% YoY

20212022202320242025

Supply · recycling

Secondary supply - scrap flow

United States · 2025 · USGS MCS

$7.9B of scrap consumed

domestic22%imported10%exported68%

Eurostat WEEE and battery end-of-life flows (Phase 6.1.1) are recorded at country level without commodity decomposition. Querying country profiles for EU member states will surface those flows; the commodity profile cannot decompose them today.

Supply · out of the ground

Top producers · 2024

9,634 records

lessmore

1🇨🇳Chinarefined

13,644,000 t37%

2🇨🇳Chinasmelter

12,000,000 t33%

3🇨🇩Congo, Democratic Republic

2,558,030 t7%

4🇨🇱Chilerefined

1,940,300 t5%

5

Supply

Global production over time

2015 → 2024latest50,802,764tonnes (metric)+31% · 10y

2015201620172018201920202021202220232024

USGS DS-140 (nominal)

USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026

USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)

USGS Mineral Industry Surveys

USGS Minerals Yearbook OFR 2025-1047

USGS Minerals Yearbook Vol III, reference year 2019

World Bank Pink Sheet

15 sources · click to verify

USGS USMIN · deposit-level contained-metal estimates

🇯🇵Japanrefined

1,567,419 t4%

6🇯🇵Japansmelter

1,247,142 t3%

7🇨🇱Chilesmelter

994,600 t3%

8🇷🇺Russiasmelter

980,000 t3%

9🇺🇸USA

921,000 t3%

10🇷🇺Russiarefined

892,810 t2%

Live

Ir100%Canada · top share Rh100%Canada · top share Ru100%Canada · top share Ga98%China · top share Ge94%China · top share Nb92%Brazil · top share Si82%China · top share W79%China · top share Co77%Congo, Democratic Republic · top share 75%China · top share Te75%China · top share 75%China · top share In74%China · top share Pt73%South Africa · top share Cu70%China · top share 66%China · top share V64%China · top share Li64%Australia · top share Al66%China · top share Ni65%Indonesia · top share Pb62%China · top share As50%Peru · top share Mg58%China · top share Be55%USA · top share Cr55%South Africa · top share Bi54%China · top share Pd44%Russia · top share Ta46%Congo (Kinshasa) · top share 49%China · top share Sb43%China · top share Re44%Chile · top share B44%Turkey · top share U38%Kazakhstan · top share Zr36%Australia · top share Mn39%South Africa · top share Zn39%China · top share Ti28%Mozambique · top share Ag34%Mexico · top share 29%Canada · top share 26%China · top share Sn26%China · top share 🇨🇱 CLCutax2024 🇨🇩 CDCusurtax2022 🇨🇱 CLListrategic resource2023 🇨🇳 CNLiexport license2024 🇿🇼 ZWLiraw ore ban2022 🇮🇩 IDNiraw ore ban2020 🇵🇭 PHNiroyalty2024 🇷🇺 RUNiimport ban2024 🇨🇳 CN→🇻🇳 VNREE+4700%re export surge 🇮🇩 IDNi-97%export ban effect Li+38%concentration shift 🇨🇳 CNREE-25%concentration shift

Concentration

HHI

0.51

Highly concentrated

Top-1: 70%
Top-3: 85%
Top-5: 98%
NIR: 57%

Active alerts · 3

70%
China · top share
🇨🇱 CLtax
2024
🇨🇩 CDsurtax
2022

Critical lists · 2

DOE_2023
USGS_2025

Sources · 15

BGS World Mineral Statistics
IEA Critical Minerals Dataset (CMO 2025)
Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
+ 10 more in the Provenance section

Concentration

HHI

0.51

Highly concentrated

Top-1: 70%
Top-3: 85%
Top-5: 98%
NIR: 57%

Active alerts · 3

70%
China · top share
🇨🇱 CLtax
2024
🇨🇩 CDsurtax
2022

Critical lists · 2

DOE_2023
USGS_2025

Sources · 15

BGS World Mineral Statistics
IEA Critical Minerals Dataset (CMO 2025)
Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
+ 10 more in the Provenance section