Gold · Au
precious_metal · primary
Bottom line
Gold's mine supply is well diversified (HHI 0.10, 2025), led by 🇨🇳 China at 17% of output. US net import reliance: s (2025).
At a glance
Headline indicators
Price · 2025
3,300dollars per troy ounce
USGS MCS (Price, dollars per troy ounce)
US net import reliance · 2025
s
Mine production HHI
0.10
Diversified · 2025
From ore to use
lifecycle flow
- 01Reserves
66.0Kt
Australia leads · 20% share
- 02Production
3,075,555Kilograms
China top · 2024
- 03Trade
60t
net importer · 2025
- 04Stocks
8.1Kt
year-end · 2025
- 05Consumption
150t
Consumption, reported · 2025
Coverage
Data coverage notes
- datedMaterial-flow analysis is historical - All 6 material-flow records date to 2000 or earlier (Yale STAF era). They describe the anthropogenic cycle of that period, not today's system.
- datedExport-restriction inventory ends 2020 - The OECD industrial-raw-materials inventory (vendored snapshot) reports HS-line measures only through 2020; restrictions enacted since are not reflected in the measure table.
- narrowConsumption geography is single-economy (United States) - Reported consumption covers one economy only - the world usage split must be read from trade flows, not from a consumption table.
Methodology
How strata reads a commodity
The eight-stage lens, the observed-vs-estimated membrane, stage-honest supply, per-stage concentration, ownership resolution and the demand lens - the full method is illustrated live on copper, nickel and lithium.
Provenance
Where this data comes from
- BGS World Mineral Statistics
- DRC CTCPM quarterly mining-statistics bulletins (Ministry of Mines, free French PDFs) - operator-archived via `strata cd-ctcpm pull`; the Tableau I.10 exporter->importer ledger parses to named operator-level export SupplyRecords.
- GHEITI (Ghana EITI) Mining Sector Reconciliation Report (free EITI PDF) - archived via `strata gh-gheiti pull`; the Mineral Production and Exports tables parse to per-company gold production + export (the named majors: Gold Fields, Newmont, AngloGold Ashanti, Asanko, Chirano, Golden Star...).
midstream_components_seed
ni43101_deposits
ownership_control_seed
- Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
- USGS MCS (Price, dollars per troy ounce)
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
- USGS Mineral Industry Surveys
- USGS Minerals Yearbook OFR 2025-1047
- USGS Minerals Yearbook Vol III, reference year 2019
usgs_deposit_gt
usgs_mine_waste
usgs_mrds_2016
usgs_porcu
usgs_world_phosphate
usmin_critical_deposits
20 sources · titles open the source card · url opens the publisher