Sand and gravel
industrial_mineral · primary
Bottom line
Sand and gravel's mine supply is moderately concentrated (HHI 0.18, 2025), led by 🇺🇸 United States at 30% of output. The US is 1% net import-reliant (2025).
At a glance
Headline indicators
Price · 2025e
15dollars per metric ton
USGS MCS (Price, average unit value, dol) · source marks this value estimated
US net import reliance · 2025
1%
Mine production HHI
0.18
Moderate · 2025
From ore to use
lifecycle flow
- 01Reserves
-
- 02Production
1.2Bt
United States top · 2025
- 03Trade
7.8Bt
net exporter · 2025
- 04Stocks
-
- 05Consumption
870.0Kt
Consumption, apparent · 2025
Coverage
Data coverage notes
- no dataNo commodity-decomposed scrap or end-of-life flows - No USGS MCS Fig13 scrap rows. EU WEEE / battery EOL flows (Phase 6.1.1) are country-keyed only - see country profiles.
- narrowConsumption geography is single-economy (United States) - Reported consumption covers one economy only - the world usage split must be read from trade flows, not from a consumption table.
Methodology
How strata reads a commodity
The eight-stage lens, the observed-vs-estimated membrane, stage-honest supply, per-stage concentration, ownership resolution and the demand lens - the full method is illustrated live on copper, nickel and lithium.
Provenance
Where this data comes from
- Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
- USGS MCS (Price, average unit value, dol)
- USGS MCS (Price, average value, dollars )
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
- USGS Mineral Industry Surveys
- USGS Minerals Yearbook Vol III, reference year 2019
7 sources · titles open the source card · url opens the publisher