Molybdenum · Mo
specialty_metal · byproduct
Bottom line
Molybdenum's mine supply is moderately concentrated (HHI 0.22, 2025), led by 🇨🇳 China at 37% of output. US net import reliance: E (2025).
At a glance
Headline indicators
Price · 2025
51dollars per kilogram
USGS MCS (Price, average, dollars per ki)
US net import reliance · 2025
E
Mine production HHI
0.22
Moderate · 2025
From ore to use
lifecycle flow
- 01Reserves
17.0Mt
China leads · 46% share
- 02Production
230.6Kt
China top · 2024
- 03Trade
6.8Kt
net exporter · 2025
- 04Stocks
2.0Kt
year-end · 2025
- 05Consumption
18.0Kt
Consumption: Reported · 2025
Coverage
Data coverage notes
- no dataNo commodity-decomposed recycling data - No USGS MCS Fig13 scrap rows. EU WEEE / battery EOL flows (Phase 6.1.1) are country-keyed only - see country profiles.
- datedMaterial-flow analysis is historical - All 5 material-flow records date to 2000 or earlier (Yale STAF era). They describe the anthropogenic cycle of that period, not today's system.
- datedExport-restriction inventory ends 2020 - The OECD industrial-raw-materials inventory (vendored snapshot) reports HS-line measures only through 2020; restrictions enacted since are not reflected in the measure table.
- narrowConsumption geography is single-economy (United States) - Reported consumption covers one economy only - the world usage split must be read from trade flows, not from a consumption table.
Methodology
How strata reads a commodity
The eight-stage lens, the observed-vs-estimated membrane, stage-honest supply, per-stage concentration, ownership resolution and the demand lens - the full method is illustrated live on copper, nickel and lithium.
Provenance
Where this data comes from
- Cochilco Chile molybdenum production by named producer
midstream_components_seed
ni43101_deposits
ownership_control_seed
sec_edgar_ex96_pdf
- Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
- USGS DS-140 (constant 1998 USD)
- USGS DS-140 (nominal)
- USGS MCS (Price, average, dollars per ki)
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
- USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
- USGS Mineral Industry Surveys
- USGS Minerals Yearbook OFR 2025-1047
- USGS Minerals Yearbook Vol III, reference year 2019
usgs_mine_waste
usgs_mrds_2016
usgs_porcu
usgs_world_phosphate
usmin_critical_deposits
20 sources · titles open the source card · url opens the publisher