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Commoditynickel

Critical · 4 lists

Nickel · Ni

battery_metal · primary

Stainless-steel mainstay turned battery metal. Indonesia's RKEF + HPAL build-out has roughly tripled global mine output since 2018, making it the most concentrated supply story in critical minerals. Class 1 (battery-grade) flows through Canada, Norway, and Finland after Russian sanctions tightened in 2022.

DOE_2023

USGS_2022

USGS_2025

EU_CRMA_2024

Supply · in the ground

Top reserves · 2025

global total: 130,140,000 metric tonsHHI 0.29 · Concentrated

Provenance

Where this data comes from

BGS World Mineral Statistics
IEA Critical Minerals Dataset (CMO 2025)
oecd_trains
Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
USGS DS-140 (constant 1998 USD)
USGS DS-140 (nominal)
USGS MCS (LME)
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026

Federated from primary sources. Every fact carries its provenance.

USGS·MSHA·EPA FRS·Wikidata·CEPII BACI·IEA CMO·NREL·BGS·GCAM·HECTOR·PROMMIS

Strata is a product of

© 2026 BrightQuery, Inc. All rights reserved.

lessmore

1Indonesia
47.6%62,000,000 metric tons
2Australia
19.2%25,000,000 metric tons
3Brazil
12.3%16,000,000 metric tons
4Russia
6.4%8,300,000 metric tons
5New Caledonia
5.5%7,100,000 metric tons
6Philippines
3.7%4,800,000 metric tons
7China
3.4%4,400,000 metric tons
8Canada
1.7%2,200,000 metric tons
9United States
0.3%340,000 metric tons

9 countries shown · USGS-defined economic reserves

Supply · named deposits

Deposits

Concentrated33 estimates · 19 deposits

3,100 distinct deposits across the roster

Geographic spread

lessmore

United States 1,755 · Canada 369 · Australia 174 · Russia 118 · South Africa 66

Named producers

Soroako Deposit · Indonesia · Sulawesi SelatanLATERITE, RESIDUAL ENRICHMENT
Soroako Pt Inco · Indonesia
Gebe Island Mining Area · Indonesia
Gag Island Ni Project-Irian Barat, Indonesia · Indonesia
Gebe Island · Indonesia

Resource & reserve estimates

MaturiMeasured plus Indicated1,900,000 metric tons

Brady GlacierProven455,000 metric tons

NorthMetMeasured plus Indicated440,000 metric tons

Guanajibo DepositInferred374,000 metric tons

Birch LakeInferred330,000 metric tons

Supply · geochemical abundance

Geochemistry

6 summaries · 5 media

Element · mediumDetection · share of samplesConcentration · median to max

Ni coal

7,597 samples

100%

11.8 ppm · max 990 ppm

Ni sediment

298,237 samples

95%

22 ppm · max 110,000 ppm

Ni soil

93,713 samples

95%

20 ppm · max 20,000 ppm

Ni rock

338,290 samples

78%

20 ppm · max 100,000 ppm

Ni concentrate

134,231 samples

66%

50 ppm · max 10,000.11 ppm

USGS National Geochemical Database · sorted by detection · detected-sample concentration

Supply · held inventory

Stocks (year-end)

2021–2025 · USGS MCS

Latest · 2025

25.0Kt

2.0% YoY

20212022202320242025

Supply · recycling

Secondary supply - scrap flow

United States · 2025 · USGS MCS

$2.4B of scrap consumed

domestic80%imported14%exported6%

Eurostat WEEE and battery end-of-life flows (Phase 6.1.1) are recorded at country level without commodity decomposition. Querying country profiles for EU member states will surface those flows; the commodity profile cannot decompose them today.

Supply · out of the ground

Top producers · 2024

3,454 records

lessmore

1🇮🇩Indonesia

2,328,000 tonnes (metal content)65%

2🇵🇭Philippines

354,132 tonnes (metal content)10%

3🇷🇺Russia

268,700 tonnes (metal content)7%

4🇦🇺Australia

128,157 tonnes (metal content)4%

5🇨🇦Canada

Supply

Global production over time

2015 → 2024latest3,818,619tonnes (metal content)+75% · 10y

2015201620172018201920202021202220232024

USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)

USGS Minerals Yearbook OFR 2025-1047

USGS Minerals Yearbook Vol III, reference year 2019

World Bank Pink Sheet

12 sources · click to verify

USGS USMIN · deposit-level contained-metal estimates

125,363 tonnes (metal content)3%

6🇳🇨New Caledonia

116,758 tonnes (metal content)3%

7🇨🇳China

110,600 tonnes (metal content)3%

8🇧🇷Brazil

67,482 tonnes (metal content)2%

9🇨🇴Colombia

44,730 tonnes (metal content)1%

10🇫🇮Finland

41,958 tonnes (metal content)1%

Live

Ir100%Canada · top share Rh100%Canada · top share Ru100%Canada · top share Ga98%China · top share Ge94%China · top share Nb92%Brazil · top share Si82%China · top share W79%China · top share Co77%Congo, Democratic Republic · top share 75%China · top share Te75%China · top share 75%China · top share In74%China · top share Pt73%South Africa · top share Cu70%China · top share 66%China · top share V64%China · top share Li64%Australia · top share Al66%China · top share Ni65%Indonesia · top share Pb62%China · top share As50%Peru · top share Mg58%China · top share Be55%USA · top share Cr55%South Africa · top share Bi54%China · top share Pd44%Russia · top share Ta46%Congo (Kinshasa) · top share 49%China · top share Sb43%China · top share Re44%Chile · top share B44%Turkey · top share U38%Kazakhstan · top share Zr36%Australia · top share Mn39%South Africa · top share Zn39%China · top share Ti28%Mozambique · top share Ag34%Mexico · top share 29%Canada · top share 26%China · top share Sn26%China · top share 🇨🇱 CLCutax2024 🇨🇩 CDCusurtax2022 🇨🇱 CLListrategic resource2023 🇨🇳 CNLiexport license2024 🇿🇼 ZWLiraw ore ban2022 🇮🇩 IDNiraw ore ban2020 🇵🇭 PHNiroyalty2024 🇷🇺 RUNiimport ban2024 🇨🇳 CN→🇻🇳 VNREE+4700%re export surge 🇮🇩 IDNi-97%export ban effect Li+38%concentration shift 🇨🇳 CNREE-25%concentration shift

Concentration

HHI

0.44

Concentrated

Top-1: 65%
Top-3: 82%
Top-5: 89%
NIR: 41%

Active alerts · 5

65%
Indonesia · top share
🇮🇩 IDraw ore ban
2020
🇵🇭 PHroyalty
2024
🇷🇺 RUimport ban
2024
🇮🇩 ID-97%
export ban effect

Critical lists · 4

DOE_2023
USGS_2022
USGS_2025
EU_CRMA_2024

Sources · 12

BGS World Mineral Statistics
IEA Critical Minerals Dataset (CMO 2025)
Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
+ 7 more in the Provenance section

Concentration

HHI

0.44

Concentrated

Top-1: 65%
Top-3: 82%
Top-5: 89%
NIR: 41%

Active alerts · 5

65%
Indonesia · top share
🇮🇩 IDraw ore ban
2020
🇵🇭 PHroyalty
2024
🇷🇺 RUimport ban
2024
🇮🇩 ID-97%
export ban effect

Critical lists · 4

DOE_2023
USGS_2022
USGS_2025
EU_CRMA_2024

Sources · 12

BGS World Mineral Statistics
IEA Critical Minerals Dataset (CMO 2025)
Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
+ 7 more in the Provenance section