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Commoditylead

Critical · 1 lists

Lead · Pb

base_metal · primary

USGS_2025

Bottom line

Lead sits on 1 federal critical-minerals list; mine supply is concentrated (HHI 0.26, 2025), led by 🇨🇳 China at 48% of output. The US is 33% net import-reliant (2025). Prices fell 3% over the past year (-2%/yr over 4y).

At a glance

Headline indicators

Price · 2026

1,942$/mt

World Bank Pink Sheet

Price trend

-3% 1Y

-2%/yr · 4Y CAGR

US net import reliance · 2025

33%

Mine production HHI

0.26

Concentrated · 2025

From ore to use

lifecycle flow

01Reserves
95.0Mt
Australia leads · 36% share
02Production
4.6Mt
China top · 2024
03Trade
278.0Kt
net importer · 2025

Coverage

Data coverage notes

datedMaterial-flow analysis is historical - All 1471 material-flow records date to 2004 or earlier (Yale STAF era). They describe the anthropogenic cycle of that period, not today's system.
datedExport-restriction inventory ends 2020 - The OECD industrial-raw-materials inventory (vendored snapshot) reports HS-line measures only through 2020; restrictions enacted since are not reflected in the measure table.

Provenance

Where this data comes from

04Stocks

-

05Consumption

5.1Mt

China · 2022

Methodology

How strata reads a commodity

The eight-stage lens, the observed-vs-estimated membrane, stage-honest supply, per-stage concentration, ownership resolution and the demand lens - the full method is illustrated live on copper, nickel and lithium.

Read the methodology, illustrated live →

BGS World Mineral Statistics
strata midstream/components census
midstream_components_seed
strata ownership-control seed
ownership_control_seed
SEC S-K 1300 TRS - LLM extraction lane
sec_edgar_ex96_pdf
Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
USGS DS-140 (constant 1998 USD)
USGS DS-140 (nominal)
USGS MCS (Price, average, North American)
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
USGS Mineral Industry Surveys
USGS Minerals Yearbook OFR 2025-1047
USGS Minerals Yearbook Vol III, reference year 2019
USGS ARDF
USGS Deposit-Type Grade & Tonnage (Ni-Co laterite, podiform chromite)
usgs_deposit_gt
USGS National Mine Waste Inventory (NMWI)
usgs_mine_waste
USGS MRDS deposits
usgs_mrds_2016
USGS World Phosphate Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences
usgs_world_phosphate
USGS USMIN Critical Deposits
usmin_critical_deposits
World Bank Pink Sheet

20 sources · titles open the source card · url opens the publisher