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Commoditymolybdenum

Molybdenum · Mo

specialty_metal · byproduct

Bottom line

Molybdenum's mine supply is moderately concentrated (HHI 0.22, 2025), led by 🇨🇳 China at 37% of output. US net import reliance: E (2025).

At a glance

Headline indicators

Price · 2025

51dollars per kilogram

USGS MCS (Price, average, dollars per ki)

US net import reliance · 2025

E

Mine production HHI

0.22

Moderate · 2025

From ore to use

lifecycle flow

01

Reserves

17.0Mt

China leads · 46% share

02Production

230.6Kt

China top · 2024

03Trade

6.8Kt

net exporter · 2025

04Stocks

2.0Kt

year-end · 2025

05Consumption

18.0Kt

Consumption: Reported · 2025

Coverage

Data coverage notes

no dataNo commodity-decomposed recycling data - No USGS MCS Fig13 scrap rows. EU WEEE / battery EOL flows (Phase 6.1.1) are country-keyed only - see country profiles.
datedMaterial-flow analysis is historical - All 5 material-flow records date to 2000 or earlier (Yale STAF era). They describe the anthropogenic cycle of that period, not today's system.
datedExport-restriction inventory ends 2020 - The OECD industrial-raw-materials inventory (vendored snapshot) reports HS-line measures only through 2020; restrictions enacted since are not reflected in the measure table.
narrowConsumption geography is single-economy (United States) - Reported consumption covers one economy only - the world usage split must be read from trade flows, not from a consumption table.

Provenance

Where this data comes from

Methodology

How strata reads a commodity

The eight-stage lens, the observed-vs-estimated membrane, stage-honest supply, per-stage concentration, ownership resolution and the demand lens - the full method is illustrated live on copper, nickel and lithium.

Read the methodology, illustrated live →

Cochilco Chile molybdenum production by named producer
strata midstream/components census
midstream_components_seed
NI 43-101 / AIF deposit economics (tungsten + tin)
ni43101_deposits
strata ownership-control seed
ownership_control_seed
SEC S-K 1300 TRS - LLM extraction lane
sec_edgar_ex96_pdf
Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
USGS DS-140 (constant 1998 USD)
USGS DS-140 (nominal)
USGS MCS (Price, average, dollars per ki)
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
USGS Mineral Industry Surveys
USGS Minerals Yearbook OFR 2025-1047
USGS Minerals Yearbook Vol III, reference year 2019
USGS ARDF
USGS National Mine Waste Inventory (NMWI)
usgs_mine_waste
USGS MRDS deposits
usgs_mrds_2016
USGS Porphyry Copper Deposits (grade & tonnage)
usgs_porcu
USGS World Phosphate Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences
usgs_world_phosphate
USGS USMIN Critical Deposits
usmin_critical_deposits

20 sources · titles open the source card · url opens the publisher