• no forecastRhenium: no free authoritative demand forecast - No free numeric rhenium demand forecast exists in any allowed source class: no industry study group covers rhenium; USGS MCS 2026 carries only current-year estimates (2025 world production 81,000 kg; superalloys ~80% of end use); rhenium is absent from the EC JRC foresight demand dataset and from IEA critical-minerals projections.
• no dataNo commodity-decomposed recycling data - No USGS MCS Fig13 scrap rows. EU WEEE / battery EOL flows (Phase 6.1.1) are country-keyed only - see country profiles.
• datedMaterial-flow analysis is historical - All 19 material-flow records date to 2008 or earlier (Yale STAF era). They describe the anthropogenic cycle of that period, not today's system.
• datedEnvironmental footprint is dated - Cradle-to-gate intensity rows carry a 2008 inventory vintage (Nuss & Eckelman-era LCA). Current-process footprints are not yet in scope.
• narrowConsumption geography is single-economy (United States) - Reported consumption covers one economy only - the world usage split must be read from trade flows, not from a consumption table.

The eight-stage lens, the observed-vs-estimated membrane, stage-honest supply, per-stage concentration, ownership resolution and the demand lens - the full method is illustrated live on copper, nickel and lithium.

Read the methodology, illustrated live →