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Commoditysamarium

Critical · 2 lists

Samarium · Sm

REE · primary

USGS_2022

USGS_2025

Samarium is a rare-earth element - production, reserves, and trade are mostly reported for the rare-earth group as a whole. See Rare earths for group-level supply data.

Bottom line

Samarium sits on 2 federal critical-minerals lists. Prices rose 40% over the past year (+9%/yr over 4y).

At a glance

Headline indicators

Price · 2025

3dollars per kilogram

USGS MCS (Samarium oxide, 99.5% minimum)

Price trend

+40% 1Y

+9%/yr · 4Y CAGR

From ore to use

lifecycle flow

01Reserves
-
Reported at rare-earth group level
02Production
-
03Trade
-

Process engineering

1 PROMMIS flowsheet

PROMMIS · uky
Open workbench →
Primary REE recovery from coal byproducts: leaching → solvent extraction (rougher + cleaner) → precipitation → roasting. Reports per-metal recoveries + overall product purity at the canonical UKy reference flowsheet.
commodity: samarium · suggested axis: leach_liquid_feed_rate_l_per_hr · y: overall_ree_recovery_pct

Coverage

Data coverage notes

REESamarium: per-element production deferred - Per-element REE production figures are deferred per ADR 002 (methodology call). Chapter-aggregate coverage is available under the `rare_earths` rollup commodity (1151 supply records).
group-levelSamarium: reserves reported only at the rare-earth group level - USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries publishes rare-earth reserves by country only as a single rare-earth-oxide (REO) total, never split per element. The empty reserves table reflects that reporting grain; the aggregate REO reserves are available on the `rare_earths` rollup commodity.
no dataNo demand data - No consumption / intensity / projection rows in scope. Forward-looking demand requires either USGS MCS apparent-consumption coverage (commodity-specific) or hand-curated intensity proxies + IEA CMO scenarios.
no dataNo commodity-decomposed recycling data - No USGS MCS Fig13 scrap rows. EU WEEE / battery EOL flows (Phase 6.1.1) are country-keyed only - see country profiles.
datedMaterial-flow analysis is historical - All 50 material-flow records date to 2007 or earlier (Yale STAF era). They describe the anthropogenic cycle of that period, not today's system.
datedEnvironmental footprint is dated - Cradle-to-gate intensity rows carry a 2008 inventory vintage (Nuss & Eckelman-era LCA). Current-process footprints are not yet in scope.

Provenance

Where this data comes from

04Stocks

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05Consumption

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Methodology

How strata reads a commodity

The eight-stage lens, the observed-vs-estimated membrane, stage-honest supply, per-stage concentration, ownership resolution and the demand lens - the full method is illustrated live on copper, nickel and lithium.

Read the methodology, illustrated live →

strata midstream/components census
midstream_components_seed
NI 43-101 / AIF deposit economics (tungsten + tin)
ni43101_deposits
USGS MCS (Samarium oxide, 99.5% minimum)

3 sources · titles open the source card · url opens the publisher