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Commodities

69 · 63 with midstream

★CuCopper0.14
Chile26%76.7K
★NiNickel0.52
Indonesia70%38.6K
★LiLithium0.20
Australia32%5.7K
AgSilver0.13
Mexico26%38.2K
ZnZinc0.20
China39%57.5K
PbLead0.26
China48%64.7K
MnManganese0.26
South Africa40%12.3K
CoCobalt0.59
Congo (Kinshasa)75%1.3K
AuGold0.10
China17%63.2K
SbAntimony0.26
China36%2.9K
UUranium0.23
Kazakhstan42%10.1K
WTungsten0.66
China81%5.8K
SnTin0.14
China25%2.9K
CrChromium0.25
South Africa44%3.7K
PtPlatinum0.56
South Africa73%2K
VVanadium0.56
China72%3.8K
Phosphate0.24
China45%5.7K
ZrZirconium0.20
Australia33%662
PdPalladium0.34
Russia44%657
TaTantalum0.33
Congo (Kinshasa)52%424
MoMolybdenum0.22
China37%3K
Rare earths0.51
China69%953
Graphite0.64
China80%1.2K
NbNiobium0.87
Brazil93%605
BBoron0.26
Turkey44%383
TeTellurium0.60
China76%302
AsArsenic0.41
Peru50%1.6K
BiBismuth0.35
China54%789
RhRhodium0.74
South Africa86%303
BeBeryllium0.36
United States53%1.3K
MgMagnesium0.41
China62%8
GaGallium0.97
China98%39
IrIridium0.80
South Africa89%560
Fluorspar0.40
China60%234
TiTitanium-
China2.1K
InIndium0.57
China74%47
Potash0.18
Canada31%82
Bauxite and Alumina0.22
Guinea35%100
GeGermanium-
China27
RuRuthenium0.87
South Africa93%205
AlAluminum-
China2.5K
ReRhenium0.24
Chile37%41
Metallurgical coal0.21
Australia36%1.2K
ScScandium-
specialty metal15
Titanium Mineral Concentrates0.20
China35%10
TbTerbium-
REE953
SiSilicon0.55
China73%6
HoHolmium-
REE953
ErErbium-
REE953
LuLutetium-
REE953
Barite0.23
India36%1
YbYtterbium-
REE953
DyDysprosium-
REE953
GdGadolinium-
REE953
EuEuropium-
REE953
YYttrium-
REE4
NdNeodymium-
REE953
PrPraseodymium-
REE953
HfHafnium-
specialty metal9
SmSamarium-
REE953
LaLanthanum-
REE953
CeCerium-
REE1
TmThulium-
REE953
RbRubidium-
specialty metal17
CsCesium-
specialty metal26
Sand and gravel0.18
United States30%15.3K
Coal-
China25.2K
Stone-
Jordan2.7K
Limestone-
Canada8K

Federated from primary sources. Every fact carries its provenance.

USGS·MSHA·EPA FRS·Wikidata·CEPII BACI·IEA CMO·NREL·BGS·GCAM·HECTOR·PROMMIS

Strata is a product ofOpenData.org

© 2026 OpenData.org. All rights reserved.

Live

Ga98%China · top share Nb93%Brazil · top share Ru93%South Africa · top share Ir89%South Africa · top share Rh86%South Africa · top share W81%China · top share 80%China · top share Te76%China · top share Co75%Democratic Republic of the Congo · top share In74%China · top share V72%China · top share Pt73%South Africa · top share Si73%China · top share Ni70%Indonesia · top share 69%China · top share Mg62%China · top share As50%Peru · top share 60%China · top share Be53%United States · top share Bi54%China · top share Pd44%Russia · top share Ta52%Democratic Republic of the Congo · top share Pb48%China · top share B44%Turkey · top share Sb36%China · top share Mn40%South Africa · top share Cr44%South Africa · top share 45%China · top share Re37%Chile · top share U42%Kazakhstan · top share 36%India · top share 35%Guinea · top share Mo37%China · top share 36%Australia · top share Li32%Australia · top share Zn39%China · top share Zr33%Australia · top share 35%China · top share 31%Canada · top share 30%United States · top share Sn25%China · top share Cu26%Chile · top share Ag26%Mexico · top share Au17%China · top share 🇨🇱 CLCutax2024 🇨🇩 CDCusurtax2022 🇨🇱 CLListrategic resource2023 🇨🇳 CNLiexport license2025 🇿🇼 ZWLiraw ore ban2022 🇦🇷 ARLiexport tax2021 🇮🇩 IDNiraw ore ban2020 🇵🇭 PHNiroyalty2024 🇷🇺 RUNiimport ban2024 🇨🇳 CN→🇻🇳 VNREE+4700%re export surge 🇮🇩 IDNi-97%export ban effect Li+38%concentration shift 🇨🇳 CNREE-25%concentration shift

Commoditysand_and_gravel

Sand and gravel

industrial_mineral · primary

Bottom line

Sand and gravel's mine supply is moderately concentrated (HHI 0.18, 2025), led by 🇺🇸 United States at 30% of output. The US is 1% net import-reliant (2025).

At a glance

Headline indicators

Price · 2025e

15dollars per metric ton

USGS MCS (Price, average unit value, dol) · source marks this value estimated

US net import reliance · 2025

1%

Mine production HHI

0.18

Moderate · 2025

From ore to use

lifecycle flow

01Reserves
-
02Production
1.2Bt
United States top · 2025
03Trade
7.8Bt
net exporter · 2025
04Stocks
-
05Consumption
870.0Kt
Consumption, apparent · 2025

Coverage

Data coverage notes

no dataNo commodity-decomposed scrap or end-of-life flows - No USGS MCS Fig13 scrap rows. EU WEEE / battery EOL flows (Phase 6.1.1) are country-keyed only - see country profiles.
narrowConsumption geography is single-economy (United States) - Reported consumption covers one economy only - the world usage split must be read from trade flows, not from a consumption table.

Provenance

Where this data comes from

Methodology

How strata reads a commodity

The eight-stage lens, the observed-vs-estimated membrane, stage-honest supply, per-stage concentration, ownership resolution and the demand lens - the full method is illustrated live on copper, nickel and lithium.

Read the methodology, illustrated live →

Statistics Canada Table 16-10-0022
USGS MCS (Price, average unit value, dol)
USGS MCS (Price, average value, dollars )
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
USGS Mineral Industry Surveys
USGS Minerals Yearbook Vol III, reference year 2019

7 sources · titles open the source card · url opens the publisher