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Commodityvanadium

Critical · 2 lists

Vanadium · V

specialty_metal · primary

USGS_2022

USGS_2025

Bottom line

Vanadium sits on 2 federal critical-minerals lists; mine supply is highly concentrated (HHI 0.56, 2025), led by 🇨🇳 China at 72% of output. The US is 41% net import-reliant (2025). Prices fell 8% over the past year (-11%/yr over 4y).

At a glance

Headline indicators

Price · 2025

5dollars per pound

USGS MCS (Price, average, vanadium pento)

Price trend

-8% 1Y

-11%/yr · 4Y CAGR

US net import reliance · 2025

41%

Mine production HHI

0.56

Highly concentrated · 2025

From ore to use

lifecycle flow

01Reserves
21.0Mt
Australia leads · 48% share
02Production
109.6Kt
China top · 2024
03Trade
5.2Kt
net importer · 2025
04Stocks
240t
year-end · 2025
05Consumption
9.0Kt
Consumption: Reported · 2025

Coverage

Data coverage notes

no dataNo commodity-decomposed recycling data - No USGS MCS Fig13 scrap rows. EU WEEE / battery EOL flows (Phase 6.1.1) are country-keyed only - see country profiles.
datedMaterial-flow analysis is historical - All 4 material-flow records date to 2000 or earlier (Yale STAF era). They describe the anthropogenic cycle of that period, not today's system.
datedEnvironmental footprint is dated - Cradle-to-gate intensity rows carry a 2008 inventory vintage (Nuss & Eckelman-era LCA). Current-process footprints are not yet in scope.
datedExport-restriction inventory ends 2020 - The OECD industrial-raw-materials inventory (vendored snapshot) reports HS-line measures only through 2020; restrictions enacted since are not reflected in the measure table.
narrowConsumption geography is single-economy (United States) - Reported consumption covers one economy only - the world usage split must be read from trade flows, not from a consumption table.

Provenance

Where this data comes from

Methodology

How strata reads a commodity

The eight-stage lens, the observed-vs-estimated membrane, stage-honest supply, per-stage concentration, ownership resolution and the demand lens - the full method is illustrated live on copper, nickel and lithium.

Read the methodology, illustrated live →

BGS World Mineral Statistics
strata midstream/components census
midstream_components_seed
NI 43-101 / AIF deposit economics (tungsten + tin)
ni43101_deposits
strata ownership-control seed
ownership_control_seed
USGS DS-140 (constant 1998 USD)
USGS DS-140 (nominal)
USGS MCS (Price, average, vanadium pento)
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries World Data (legacy wide format, 2023-2025 vintages)
USGS Minerals Yearbook OFR 2025-1047
USGS Minerals Yearbook Vol III, reference year 2019
usgs myb1 vanadium 2021
usgs myb1 vanadium 2022
usgs myb1 vanadium 2023
USGS ARDF
USGS Critical-Mineral Deposits
usgs_critmin_deposits_v2
USGS National Mine Waste Inventory (NMWI)
usgs_mine_waste
USGS MRDS deposits
usgs_mrds_2016
USGS Critical Minerals (PP-1802)
usgs_pp1802_global
USGS World Phosphate Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences
usgs_world_phosphate
USGS USMIN Critical Deposits
usmin_critical_deposits

21 sources · titles open the source card · url opens the publisher